Current Issue : April - June Volume : 2015 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 6 Articles
Introduction: Rapid Sequence induction is a safe method of endotracheal intubation in emergency settings.\nSuccinylcholine rapid onset of effect and ultrashort duration of action permitted rapid endotracheal intubation. To\navoid Succinylcholine adverse effects, Cisatracurium at high dose is candidate.\nAim: to compare rapid sequence intubation conditions using modified and high dose of cisatracurium.\nMethods: In a randomized, double-blind clinical trial 300 patients were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned\nto receive modified dose (0.3 mg/kg) Cisatracurium or high dose (0.4 mg/kg) Cisatracurium for intubation. Primary\noutcome was larygoscopy and intubation conditions including vocal cords movement and position and secondary\noutcome was hemodynamics during and after in tubation. All data and train of four (TOF) were recorded at 0 to 5 min\nafter drug administration. Intubation was performed at 90 min after drug administration when TOF=0.\nResults: 300 patients were divided into 2 groups of 0.3 mg/kg and 0.4 mg/kg. Age, sex and weight were not\nsignificantly different between two groups of study. The onset time of complete neuromuscular blockade (TOF=0)\nwere not significantly different between modified dose (85�±22 seconds) and high dose (86�±26 seconds) of\nCisatracurium. Vocal cords movements were observed in 3 patients in modified dose group and 2 patients in high dose\ngroup which was not significantly different (p=0.082). Blood pressure and heart rate were not significantly different\nbetween two groups of study at any time points (p>0.05).\nConclusion: 0.3 versus 0.4 mg/kg cisatracurium had the same effect in providing appropriate laryngoscopy condition\nfor rapid sequence intubation after 90 seconds. it is safer to use modified 0.3 mg/kg instead of 0.4 mg/kg\ncisatracurium to achieve acceptable condition for rapid sequence intubation....
Tuberculosis is a lethal epidemic, difficult to control disease, claiming thousands of lives every year. We have developed a\nnanodelivery formulation based on para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) and zinc layered hydroxide using zinc nitrate salt as a precursor.\nThe developed formulation has a fourfold higher efficacy of PAS against mycobacterium tuberculosis with a minimum inhibitory\nconcentration (MIC) found to be at 1.40 ????g/mL compared to the free drug PAS with a MIC of 5.0 ????g/mL. The newly developed\nformulation was also found active against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and Candida albicans.The formulation\nwas also found to be biocompatible with human normal lung cells MRC-5 and mouse fibroblast cells-3T3. The in vitro release of\nPAS from the formulation was found to be sustained in a human body simulated phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution at pH\nvalues of 7.4 and 4.8. Most importantly the nanocomposite prepared using zinc nitrate salt was advantageous in terms of yield and\nfree from toxic zinc oxide contamination and had higher biocompatibility compared to one prepared using a zinc oxide precursor.\nIn summary, these promising in vitro results are highly encouraging for the continued investigation of para-aminosalicylic acid and\nzinc layered hydroxide nanocomposites in vivo and eventual preclinical studies....
Hybrid liposomes (HL) can be prepared by simply ultrasonicating a mixture of vesicular and micellar molecules in buffer solutions, and contain no organic solvent unlike conventional liposomes. HL have remarkable inhibitory effects on the growth of various tumor cells including leukemia, lymphoma and colorectal cancer along with apoptosis in vitro, in vivo and clinical applications. In this study, we examined the inhibitory effects of HL the growth of human prostate cancer (DU145 and PC-3) cells in vitro. HL composed of L-?-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and polyoxyethylene (25) dodecyl ethers (C12(EO)25) having nano-sized liposomal particles were produced. Markedly inhibitory effects of HL on the growth of DU145 and PC-3 cells were obtained for the first time. It is noteworthy that HL induced apoptotic death of DU145 and PC-3 cells through activation of caspase-3. This study suggests that HL could be a promising novel agent for the treatment of prostate cancer....
In order to calculate the dose for nanoparticles (NP), (i) relevant information\nabout the dose metrics and (ii) a proper dose concept are crucial. Since the appropriate\nmetrics for NP toxicity are yet to be elaborated, a general dose calculation model for\nnanomaterials is not available. Here we propose how to develop a dose assessment model\nfor NP in analogy to the radiation protection dose calculation, introducing the so-called\nââ?¬Å?deposited and the equivalent doseââ?¬Â. As a dose metric we propose the total deposited NP\nsurface area (SA), which has been shown frequently to determine toxicological responses\ne.g. of lung tissue. The deposited NP dose is proportional to the total surface area of\ndeposited NP per tissue mass, and takes into account primary and agglomerated NP.\nBy using several weighting factors the equivalent dose additionally takes into account\nvarious physico-chemical properties of the NP which are influencing the biological\nresponses. These weighting factors consider the specific surface area, the surface textures,\nthe zeta-potential as a measure for surface charge, the particle morphology such as the\nshape and the length-to-diameter ratio (aspect ratio), the band gap energy levels of metal and metal oxide NP, and the particle dissolution rate. Furthermore, we discuss how these\nweighting factors influence the equivalent dose of the deposited NP....
This study describes the preparation, characterization, in vitro uptake and in vivo biodistribution in mice of solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers.\nThe effect of nanoparticle lipid matrix, presence of fluorescent and functionalization by polysorbate 80 on dimensional distribution and morphology have been studied by sedimentation field flow fractionation, photon correlation spectroscopy and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. The complementary use of different techniques demonstrated that lipid matrix composition, presence of fluorescent dye and polysorbate 80 functionalization have little effect on nanoparticle morphology and size distribution.\nUptake of fluorescent nanoparticles was determined in vitro by human brain endothelial cells, showing that nanoparticles treated by polysorbate 80 displayed lower uptake values with respect to the corresponding control nanoparticles.\nBiodistribution of solid lipid nanoparticles treated by polysorbate 80 was evaluated by fluorescent luminescent imaging after intraperitoneal administration in mice. The in vivo images indicate that nanoparticles were able to reach the brain, even if they prevalently accumulated in liver and spleen....
The clinical utility of siRNA therapy has been hampered due to poor cell penetration, nonspecific effects, rapid degradation,\nand short half-life. We herewith proposed the formulation development of STAT6 siRNA (S6S) nanotherapeutic agent by\nencapsulating them within gelatin nanocarriers (GNC). The prepared nanoformulation was characterized for size, charge, loading\nefficiency, release kinetics, stability, cytotoxicity, and gene silencing assay. The stability of S6S-GNC was also assessed under\nconditions of varying pH, serum level, and using electrophoretic assays. In vitro cytotoxicity performance was evaluated in human\nadenocarcinoma A549 cells following MTT assay.The developed formulation resulted in an average particle size, surface charge,\nand encapsulation efficiency as 70�±6.5 nm, +10�±1.5mV, and 85�±4.0%, respectively. S6S-GNC showed an insignificant (P< 0.05)\nchange in the size and charge in the presence of buffer solutions (pH 6.4 to 8.4) and FBS (10% v/v). A549 cells were treated with\nnative S6S, S6S-lipofectamine, placebo-GNC, and S6S-GNC using untreated cells as a control. It was observed that cell viability\nwas decreased significantly with S6S-GNC by 55 �± 4.1% (P < 0.001) compared to native S6S (2.0 �± 0.55%) and S6S-lipofectamine\ncomplex (40 �± 3.1%). This investigation infers that gelatin polymer-based nanocarriers are a robust, stable, and biocompatible\nstrategy for the delivery of siRNA....
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